All sheilds should be based on historical models and be constructed out of appropriate wood (1/2" thick minimum). They must have 1" to 2" of soft ordinary foam rubber on their fronts. They must also have 1/2" of foam (any kind) on the back. Their edges must be wrapped in two layers of pipe-insulation or 1" of high-impact or Landau foam. Shields must then have their edge and front covered in cloth. Small hand bucklers may be made the same way as shields.

Shield straps and handles should be devised in accordance with historical models.